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Ruby Programming Language, The - David Flanagan & Yukihiro Matsumoto
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2022-02-24 01:56:46
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  • SPECIAL OFFER: Upgrade this ebook with O’Reilly
  • A Note Regarding Supplemental Files
  • Preface
    • Acknowledgments
      • David Flanagan
      • Yukihiro Matsumoto
    • Conventions Used in This Book
    • Using Code Examples
    • How to Contact Us
    • Safari® Enabled
  • 1. Introduction
    • A Tour of Ruby
      • Ruby Is Object-Oriented
      • Blocks and Iterators
      • Expressions and Operators in Ruby
      • Methods
      • Assignment
      • Punctuation Suffixes and Prefixes
      • Regexp and Range
      • Classes and Modules
      • Ruby Surprises
    • Try Ruby
      • The Ruby Interpreter
      • Displaying Output
      • Interactive Ruby with irb
      • Viewing Ruby Documentation with ri
      • Ruby Package Management with gem
      • More Ruby Tutorials
      • Ruby Resources
    • About This Book
      • How to Read This Book
    • A Sudoku Solver in Ruby
  • 2. The Structure and Execution of Ruby Programs
    • Lexical Structure
      • Comments
      • Literals
      • Punctuation
      • Identifiers
      • Keywords
      • Whitespace
    • Syntactic Structure
      • Block Structure in Ruby
    • File Structure
    • Program Encoding
      • Specifying Program Encoding
      • Source, External, and Internal Encodings
    • Program Execution
  • 3. Datatypes and Objects
    • Numbers
      • Integer Literals
      • Floating-Point Literals
      • Arithmetic in Ruby
      • Binary Floating-Point and Rounding Errors
    • Text
      • String Literals
      • Character Literals
      • String Operators
      • Accessing Characters and Substrings
      • Iterating Strings
      • String Encodings and Multibyte Characters
    • Arrays
    • Hashes
      • Hash Literals
      • Hash Codes, Equality, and Mutable Keys
    • Ranges
      • Testing Membership in a Range
    • Symbols
    • True, False, and Nil
    • Objects
      • Object References
      • Object Lifetime
      • Object Identity
      • Object Class and Object Type
      • Object Equality
      • Object Order
      • Object Conversion
      • Copying Objects
      • Marshaling Objects
      • Freezing Objects
      • Tainted and Untrusted Objects
  • 4. Expressions and Operators
    • Literals and Keyword Literals
    • Variable References
      • Uninitialized Variables
    • Constant References
    • Method Invocations
    • Assignments
      • Assigning to Variables
      • Assigning to Constants
      • Assigning to Attributes and Array Elements
      • Abbreviated Assignment
      • Parallel Assignment
    • Operators
      • Unary + and –
      • Exponentiation: **
      • Arithmetic: +, –, *, /, and %
      • Shift and Append: << and >>
      • Complement, Union, Intersection: ~, &, |, and ^
      • Comparison: <, <=, >, >=, and <=>
      • Equality: ==, !=, =~, !~, and ===
      • Boolean Operators: &&, ||, !, and, or, not
      • Ranges and Flip-Flops: .. and ...
      • Conditional: ?:
      • Assignment Operators
      • The defined? Operator
      • Statement Modifiers
      • Nonoperators
  • 5. Statements and Control Structures
    • Conditionals
      • if
      • if As a Modifier
      • unless
      • case
      • The ?: Operator
    • Loops
      • while and until
      • while and until As Modifiers
      • The for/in Loop
    • Iterators and Enumerable Objects
      • Numeric Iterators
      • Enumerable Objects
      • Writing Custom Iterators
      • Enumerators
      • External Iterators
      • Iteration and Concurrent Modification
    • Blocks
      • Block Syntax
      • The Value of a Block
      • Blocks and Variable Scope
      • Passing Arguments to a Block
      • Block Parameters in Ruby 1.9
    • Altering Control Flow
      • return
      • break
      • next
      • redo
      • retry
      • throw and catch
    • Exceptions and Exception Handling
      • Exception Classes and Exception Objects
      • Raising Exceptions with raise
      • Handling Exceptions with rescue
      • The else Clause
      • The ensure Clause
      • rescue with Method, Class, and Module Definitions
      • rescue As a Statement Modifier
    • BEGIN and END
    • Threads, Fibers, and Continuations
      • Threads for Concurrency
      • Fibers for Coroutines
      • Continuations
  • 6. Methods, Procs, Lambdas, and Closures
    • Defining Simple Methods
      • Method Return Value
      • Methods and Exception Handling
      • Invoking a Method on an Object
      • Defining Singleton Methods
      • Undefining Methods
    • Method Names
      • Operator Methods
      • Method Aliases
    • Methods and Parentheses
      • Optional Parentheses
      • Required Parentheses
    • Method Arguments
      • Parameter Defaults
      • Variable-Length Argument Lists and Arrays
      • Mapping Arguments to Parameters
      • Hashes for Named Arguments
      • Block Arguments
    • Procs and Lambdas
      • Creating Procs
      • Invoking Procs and Lambdas
      • The Arity of a Proc
      • Proc Equality
      • How Lambdas Differ from Procs
    • Closures
      • Closures and Shared Variables
      • Closures and Bindings
    • Method Objects
      • Unbound Method Objects
    • Functional Programming
      • Applying a Function to an Enumerable
      • Composing Functions
      • Partially Applying Functions
      • Memoizing Functions
      • Symbols, Methods, and Procs
  • 7. Classes and Modules
    • Defining a Simple Class
      • Creating the Class
      • Instantiating a Point
      • Initializing a Point
      • Defining a to_s Method
      • Accessors and Attributes
      • Defining Operators
      • Array and Hash Access with [ ]
      • Enumerating Coordinates
      • Point Equality
      • Ordering Points
      • A Mutable Point
      • Quick and Easy Mutable Classes
      • A Class Method
      • Constants
      • Class Variables
      • Class Instance Variables
    • Method Visibility: Public, Protected, Private
    • Subclassing and Inheritance
      • Inheriting Methods
      • Overriding Methods
      • Augmenting Behavior by Chaining
      • Inheritance of Class Methods
      • Inheritance and Instance Variables
      • Inheritance and Class Variables
      • Inheritance of Constants
    • Object Creation and Initialization
      • new, allocate, and initialize
      • Factory Methods
      • dup, clone, and initialize_copy
      • marshal_dump and marshal_load
      • The Singleton Pattern
    • Modules
      • Modules as Namespaces
      • Modules As Mixins
      • Includable Namespace Modules
    • Loading and Requiring Modules
      • The Load Path
      • Executing Loaded Code
      • Autoloading Modules
    • Singleton Methods and the Eigenclass
    • Method Lookup
      • Class Method Lookup
    • Constant Lookup
  • 8. Reflection and Metaprogramming
    • Types, Classes, and Modules
      • Ancestry and Modules
      • Defining Classes and Modules
    • Evaluating Strings and Blocks
      • Bindings and eval
      • instance_eval and class_eval
      • instance_exec and class_exec
    • Variables and Constants
      • Querying, Setting, and Testing Variables
    • Methods
      • Listing and Testing For Methods
      • Obtaining Method Objects
      • Invoking Methods
      • Defining, Undefining, and Aliasing Methods
      • Handling Undefined Methods
      • Setting Method Visibility
    • Hooks
    • Tracing
    • ObjectSpace and GC
    • Custom Control Structures
      • Delaying and Repeating Execution: after and every
      • Thread Safety with Synchronized Blocks
    • Missing Methods and Missing Constants
      • Unicode Codepoint Constants with const_missing
      • Tracing Method Invocations with method_missing
      • Synchronized Objects by Delegation
    • Dynamically Creating Methods
      • Defining Methods with class_eval
      • Defining Methods with define_method
    • Alias Chaining
      • Tracing Files Loaded and Classes Defined
      • Chaining Methods for Thread Safety
      • Chaining Methods for Tracing
    • Domain-Specific Languages
      • Simple XML Output with method_missing
      • Validated XML Output with Method Generation
  • 9. The Ruby Platform
    • Strings
      • Formatting Text
      • Packing and Unpacking Binary Strings
      • Strings and Encodings
    • Regular Expressions
      • Regexp Literals
      • Regexp Factory Methods
      • Regular Expression Syntax
      • Pattern Matching with Regular Expressions
    • Numbers and Math
      • Numeric Methods
      • The Math Module
      • Decimal Arithmetic
      • Complex Numbers
      • Rational Numbers
      • Vectors and Matrices
      • Random Numbers
    • Dates and Times
    • Collections
      • Enumerable Objects
      • Arrays
      • Hashes
      • Sets
    • Files and Directories
      • File and Directory Names
      • Listing Directories
      • Testing Files
      • Creating, Deleting, and Renaming Files and Directories
    • Input/Output
      • Opening Streams
      • Streams and Encodings
      • Reading from a Stream
      • Writing to a Stream
      • Random Access Methods
      • Closing, Flushing, and Testing Streams
    • Networking
      • A Very Simple Client
      • A Very Simple Server
      • Datagrams
      • A More Complex Client
      • A Multiplexing Server
      • Fetching Web Pages
    • Threads and Concurrency
      • Thread Lifecycle
      • Threads and Variables
      • Thread Scheduling
      • Thread States
      • Listing Threads and Thread Groups
      • Threading Examples
      • Thread Exclusion and Deadlock
      • Queue and SizedQueue
      • Condition Variables and Queues
  • 10. The Ruby Environment
    • Invoking the Ruby Interpreter
      • Common Options
      • Warnings and Information Options
      • Encoding Options
      • Text Processing Options
      • Miscellaneous Options
    • The Top-Level Environment
      • Predefined Modules and Classes
      • Top-Level Constants
      • Global Variables
      • Predefined Global Functions
      • User-Defined Global Functions
    • Practical Extraction and Reporting Shortcuts
      • Input Functions
      • Deprecated Extraction Functions
      • Reporting Functions
      • One-Line Script Shortcuts
    • Calling the OS
      • Invoking OS Commands
      • Forking and Processes
      • Trapping Signals
      • Terminating Programs
    • Security
      • Tainted Data
      • Restricted Execution and Safe Levels
  • Index
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