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LinuxDeviceDriversDevelopment_Developcus.epub
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Kernel Memory Management

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2022-01-24 09:56:08
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  • Preface
    • What this book covers
    • What you need for this book
    • Who this book is for
    • Conventions
    • Reader feedback
    • Customer support
      • Downloading the example code
      • Downloading the color images of this book
      • Errata
      • Piracy
      • Questions
  • Introduction to Kernel Development
    • Environment setup
      • Getting the sources
        • Source organization
      • Kernel configuration
      • Build your kernel
    • Kernel habits
      • Coding style
      • Kernel structures allocation/initialization
      • Classes, objects, and OOP
    • Summary
  • Device Driver Basis
    • User space and kernel space
      • The concept of modules
      • Module dependencies
        • depmod utility
      • Module loading and unloading
        • Manual loading
          • modprobe and insmod
          • /etc/modules-load.d/<filename>.conf
        • Auto-loading
        • Module unload
    • Driver skeletons
      • Module entry and exit point
        • __init and __exit attributes
      • Module information
        • Licensing
        • Module author(s)
        • Module description
    • Errors and message printing
      • Error handling
      • Handling null pointer errors
      • Message printing – printk()
    • Module parameters
    • Building your first module
      • The module's makefile
      • In the kernel tree
      • Out of the tree
      • Building the module
    • Summary
  • Kernel Facilities and Helper Functions
    • Understanding container_of macro
    • Linked lists
      • Creating and initializing the list
        • Dynamic method
        • Static method
      • Creating a list node
      • Adding a list node
      • Deleting a node from the list
      • Linked list traversal
    • Kernel sleeping mechanism
      • Wait queue
    • Delay and timer management
      • Standard timers
        • Jiffies and HZ
        • Timers API
          • Timer setup initialization
          • Standard timer example
      • High resolution timers (HRTs)
        • HRT API
          • HRT setup initialization
      • Dynamic tick/tickless kernel
      • Delays and sleep in the kernel
        • Atomic context
        • Nonatomic context
    • Kernel locking mechanism
      • Mutex
        • Mutex API
          • Declare
          • Acquire and release
      • Spinlock
        • Spinlock versus mutexes
    • Work deferring mechanism
      • Softirqs and ksoftirqd
        • ksoftirqd
      • Tasklets
        • Declaring a tasklet
        • Enabling and disabling a tasklet
      • Tasklet scheduling
      • Work queues
        • Kernel-global workqueue – the shared queue
        • Dedicated work queue
          • Programming syntax
        • Predefined (shared) workqueue and standard workqueue functions
      • Kernel threads
    • Kernel interruption mechanism
      • Registering an interrupt handler
        • Interrupt handler and lock
      • Concept of bottom halves
        • The problem – interrupt handler design limitations
        • The solution – bottom halves
        • Tasklets as bottom halves
        • Workqueue as bottom halves
        • Softirqs as bottom half
    • Threaded IRQs
      • Threaded bottom half
    • Invoking user-space applications from the kernel
    • Summary
  • Character Device Drivers
    • The concept behind major and minor
      • Device number allocation and freeing
    • Introduction to device file operations
      • File representation in the kernel
    • Allocating and registering a character device
    • Writing file operations
      • Exchanging data between kernel space and user space
        • A single value copy
      • The open method
        • Per-device data
      • The release method
      • The write method
        • Steps to write
      • The read method
        • Steps to read
      • The llseek method
        • Steps to llseek
      • The poll method
        • Steps to poll
      • The ioctl method
        • Generating ioctl numbers (command)
        • Steps for ioctl
      • Filling the file_operations structure
    • Summary
  • Platform Device Drivers
    • Platform drivers
    • Platform devices
      • Resources and platform data
        • Device provisioning - the old and depreciated way
          • Resources
          • Platform data
          • Where to declare platform devices?
        • Device provisioning - the new and recommended way
    • Devices, drivers, and bus matching
      • How can platform devices and platform drivers match?
        • Kernel devices and drivers-matching function
          • OF style and ACPI match
          • ID table matching
          • Name matching - platform device name matching
    • Summary
  • The Concept of Device Tree
    • Device tree mechanism
      • Naming convention
      • Aliases, labels, and phandle
      • DT compiler
    • Representing and addressing devices
      • SPI and I2C addressing
      • Platform device addressing
    • Handling resources
      • Concept of named resources
      • Accessing registers
      • Handling interrupts
        • The interrupt handler
        • Interrupt controller code
      • Extract application-specific data
        • Text string
        • Cells and unsigned 32-bit integers
        • Boolean
        • Extract and parse sub-nodes
    • Platform drivers and DT
      • OF match style
        • Dealing with non-device tree platforms
        • Support multiple hardware with per device-specific data
      • Match style mixing
        • Platform resources and DT
      • Platform data versus DT
    • Summary
  • I2C Client Drivers
    • The driver architecture
      • The i2c_driver structure
        • The probe() function
          • Per-device data
        • The remove() function
      • Driver initialization and registration
      • Driver and device provisioning
    • Accessing the client
      • Plain I2C communication
      • System Management Bus (SMBus) compatible functions
      • Instantiating I2C devices in the board configuration file (old and depreciated way)
    • I2C and the device tree
      • Defining and registering the I2C driver
        • Remark
      • Instantiating I2C devices in the device tree - the new way
      • Putting it all together
    • Summary
  • SPI Device Drivers
    • The driver architecture
      • The device structure
      • spi_driver structure
        • The probe() function
          • Per-device data
        • The remove() function
      • Driver initialization and registration
      • Driver and devices provisioning
        • Instantiate SPI devices in board configuration file – old and depreciated way
        • SPI and device tree
          • Instantiate SPI devices in device tree - the new way
          • Define and register SPI driver
    • Accessing and talking to the client
    • Putting it all together
    • SPI user mode driver
      • With IOCTL
    • Summary
  • Regmap API – A Register Map Abstraction
    • Programming with the regmap API
      • regmap_config structure
      • regmap initialization
        • SPI initialization
        • I2C initialization
      • Device access functions
        • regmap_update_bits function
        • Special regmap_multi_reg_write function
        • Other device access functions
      • regmap and cache
      • Putting it all together
      • A regmap example
    • Summary
  • IIO Framework
    • IIO data structures
      • iio_dev structure
      • iio_info structure
      • IIO channels
        • Channel attribute naming conventions
          • Distinguishing channels
      • Putting it all together
    • Triggered buffer support
      • IIO trigger and sysfs (user space)
        • Sysfs trigger interface
          • add_trigger file
          • remove_trigger file
          • Tying a device with a trigger
        • The interrupt trigger interface
        • The hrtimer trigger interface
      • IIO buffers
        • IIO buffer sysfs interface
        • IIO buffer setup
      • Putting it all together
    • IIO data access
      • One-shot capture
      • Buffer data access
        • Capturing using the sysfs trigger
        • Capturing using the hrtimer trigger
    • IIO tools
    • Summary
  • Kernel Memory Management
    • System memory layout - kernel space and user space
      • Kernel addresses – concept of low and high memory
        • Low memory
        • High memory
      • User space addresses
      • Virtual Memory Area (VMA)
    • Address translation and MMU
      • Page look up and TLB
        • How does TLB work
    • Memory allocation mechanism
      • Page allocator
        • Page allocation API
        • Conversion functions
      • Slab allocator
        • The buddy algorithm
        • A journey into the slab allocator
      • kmalloc family allocation
      • vmalloc allocator
      • Process memory allocation under the hood
        • The copy-on-write (CoW) case
    • Work with I/O memory to talk with hardware
      • PIO devices access
      • MMIO devices access
        • __iomem cookie
    • Memory (re)mapping
      • kmap
      • Mapping kernel memory to user space
        • Using remap_pfn_range
        • Using io_remap_pfn_range
        • The mmap file operation
          • Implementing mmap in the kernel
    • Linux caching system
      • What is a cache?
        • CPU cache – memory caching
        • The Linux page cache – disk caching
        • Specialized caches (user space caching)
      • Why delay writing data to disk?
        • Write caching strategies
          • The flusher threads
    • Device-managed resources – Devres
    • Summary
  • DMA – Direct Memory Access
    • Setting up DMA mappings
      • Cache coherency and DMA
      • DMA mappings
        • Coherent mapping
        • Streaming DMA mapping
          • Single buffer mapping
          • Scatter/gather mapping
    • Concept of completion
    • DMA engine API
      • Allocate a DMA slave channel
      • Set slave and controller specific parameters
      • Get a descriptor for transaction
      • Submit the transaction
      • Issue pending DMA requests and wait for callback notification
    • Putting it all together – NXP SDMA (i.MX6)
    • DMA DT binding
      • Consumer binding
    • Summary
  • Linux Device Model
    • LDM data structures
      • The bus
        • Bus registration
      • Device driver
        • Device driver registration
      • Device
        • Device registration
    • Deep inside LDM
      • kobject structure
      • kobj_type
      • ksets
      • Attribute
        • Attributes group
    • Device model and sysfs
      • Sysfs files and attributes
        • Current interfaces
          • Device attributes
          • Bus attributes
          • Device drivers attributes
          • Class attributes
      • Allow sysfs attribute files to be pollable
    • Summary
  • Pin Control and GPIO Subsystem
    • Pin control subsystem
      • Pinctrl and the device tree
    • The GPIO subsystem
      • The integer-based GPIO interface: legacy
        • Claiming and configuring the GPIO
        • Accessing the GPIO – getting/setting the value
          • In atomic context
          • In a non-atomic context (that may sleep)
        • GPIOs mapped to IRQ
        • Putting it all together
      • The descriptor-based GPIO interface: the new and recommended way
        • GPIO descriptor mapping - the device tree
        • Allocating and using GPIO
        • Putting it all together
      • The GPIO interface and the device tree
        • The legacy integer-based interface and device tree
        • GPIO mapping to IRQ in the device tree
      • GPIO and sysfs
        • Exporting a GPIO from kernel code
    • Summary
  • GPIO Controller Drivers – gpio_chip
    • Driver architecture and data structures
    • Pin controller guideline
    • Sysfs interface for GPIO controller
    • GPIO controllers and DT
    • Summary
  • Advanced IRQ Management
    • Multiplexing interrupts and interrupt controllers
    • Advanced peripheral IRQs management
    • Interrupt request and propagation
      • Chaining IRQ
        • Chained interrupts
        • Nested interrupts
      • Case study – GPIO and IRQ chip
        • Legacy GPIO and IRQ chip
        • New gpiolib irqchip API
        • Interrupt controller and DT
    • Summary
  • Input Devices Drivers
    • Input device structures
    • Allocating and registering an input device
      • Polled input device sub-class
    • Generating and reporting an input event
    • User space interface
    • Putting it all together
      • Driver examples
    • Summary
  • RTC Drivers
    • RTC framework data structures
      • RTC API
        • Reading and setting time
          • Driver example
        • Playing with alarms
    • RTCs and user space
      • The sysfs interface
      • The hwclock utility
    • Summary
  • PWM Drivers
    • PWM controller driver
      • Driver example
      • PWM controller binding
    • PWM consumer interface
      • PWM clients binding
    • Using PWMs with the sysfs interface
    • Summary
  • Regulator Framework
    • PMIC/producer driver interface
      • Driver data structures
        • Description structure
        • Constraints structure
        • init data structure
          • Feeding init data into a board file
          • Feeding init data into the DT
        • Configuration structure
        • Device operation structure
      • Driver methods
        • Probe function
        • Remove function
        • Case study: Intersil ISL6271A voltage regulator
      • Driver example
    • Regulators consumer interface
      • Regulator device requesting
      • Controlling the regulator device
        • Regulator output enable and disable
        • Voltage control and status
        • Current limit control and status
        • Operating mode control and status
    • Regulator binding
    • Summary
  • Framebuffer Drivers
    • Driver data structures
    • Device methods
    • Driver methods
      • Detailed fb_ops
        • Checking information
        • Set controller's parameters
        • Screen blanking
        • Accelerated methods
      • Putting it all together
    • Framebuffer from user space
    • Summary
  • Network Interface Card Drivers
    • Driver data structures
      • The socket buffer structure
        • Socket buffer allocation
      • Network interface structure
    • The device methods
      • Opening and closing
      • Packet handling
        • Packet reception
        • Packet transmission
      • Driver example
      • Status and control
        • The interrupt handler
        • Ethtool support
    • Driver methods
      • The probe function
      • Module unloading
    • Summary
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